{"id":8713,"date":"2025-12-02T10:40:57","date_gmt":"2025-12-02T15:40:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/volthium.com\/?p=8713"},"modified":"2026-10-20T13:39:37","modified_gmt":"2026-10-20T17:39:37","slug":"batteries-lithium-comment-lire-correctement-votre-niveau-de-charge-soc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/volthium.com\/fr\/batteries-lithium-comment-lire-correctement-votre-niveau-de-charge-soc\/","title":{"rendered":"Comprendre la d\u00e9rive du SOC et comment la corriger"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Octobre 2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Contrairement aux batteries au plomb-acide traditionnelles o\u00f9 le niveau de charge peut \u00eatre estim\u00e9 simplement en regardant la tension, l\u2019estimation du niveau de charge des batteries lithium-fer phosphate (LFP) est plus complexe. Chaque fabricant de batteries lithium LFP a sa propre strat\u00e9gie pour d\u00e9terminer le pourcentage de charge (SOC). L\u2019algorithme pour \u00e9tablir le SOC d\u2019une batterie lithium est complexe, prenant en compte les courants mesur\u00e9s entrant et sortant de la batterie, la temp\u00e9rature de la batterie, les tensions des cellules, etc.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans cet article, nous expliquons comment le BMS de votre batterie LiFePo calcule le pourcentage de SOC et pourquoi il est crucial de \u00ab synchroniser \u00bb r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement vos batteries pour s\u2019assurer que le SOC rapport\u00e9 par le BMS est le v\u00e9ritable SOC de la batterie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>La m\u00e9thode de mesure : Comptage coulomb<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour calculer un pourcentage de SOC (SOC \u2013 State Of Charge), les batteries LFP utilisent une m\u00e9thode <strong>appel\u00e9e comptage<\/strong> <strong>de Coulomb (<\/strong>Amp\u00e8res-heures). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imaginez un compteur d\u2019eau \u00e0 l\u2019entr\u00e9e d\u2019un r\u00e9servoir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le BMS (Syst\u00e8me de Gestion de la Batterie) utilise un <strong>shunt int\u00e9gr\u00e9<\/strong> (une r\u00e9sistance de mesure) pour compter chaque amp\u00e8re-heure qui entre (charge) et chaque amp\u00e8re-heure qui sort (d\u00e9charge). <br>Chaque batterie dispose de son propre d\u00e9rivateur mont\u00e9 sur le BMS pour prendre en compte l\u2019\u00e9nergie.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u2019est la m\u00e9thode la plus fiable pour le lithium, car la courbe de tension du lithium est trop plate pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e comme indicateur pr\u00e9cis du SOC.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/volthium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/solar-house-nuit-scaled.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"637\" src=\"https:\/\/volthium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/solar-house-nuit-1024x637.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/volthium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/solar-house-nuit-1024x637.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/volthium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/solar-house-nuit-300x187.jpg 300w, https:\/\/volthium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/solar-house-nuit-768x478.jpg 768w, https:\/\/volthium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/solar-house-nuit-1536x955.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/volthium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/solar-house-nuit-2048x1274.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/volthium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/solar-house-nuit-600x373.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pourquoi le pourcentage devient-il faux ? (Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de d\u00e9rive)<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, aucun capteur n\u2019est parfait. Le petit shunt du BMS ne peut pas d\u00e9tecter de tr\u00e8s faibles courants entrant ou sortant de la batterie. C\u2019est l\u2019erreur du capteur, et elle peut  <br>fausser le calcul et donc le pourcentage affich\u00e9 au fil du temps : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L\u2019erreur du capteur :<\/strong> Si le capteur actuel a une petite marge d\u2019erreur (par exemple 1 %), et que la batterie tourne pendant des semaines sans jamais atteindre 100 %, le SoC affich\u00e9 va \u00ab <strong>d\u00e9river<\/strong> \u00bb de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Exemple : Le BMS pourrait afficher 50 % alors que la batterie est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e0 40 % ou 82 %.  <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L\u2019effet \u00ab banque de batteries \u00bb :<\/strong> Imaginez qu\u2019il y ait trois batteries en parall\u00e8le dans une banque de batteries. Le courant se divise naturellement en trois, ce qui r\u00e9duit l\u2019intensit\u00e9 mesur\u00e9e par chaque unit\u00e9. Cela peut augmenter la marge d\u2019erreur relative de la lecture.  <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u2019est ce qu\u2019on <strong>appelle le drift<\/strong> SOC. Au printemps, en \u00e9t\u00e9 et en automne, de nombreux syst\u00e8mes solaires peuvent charger compl\u00e8tement les batteries au moins une fois par semaine. Une charge compl\u00e8te des batteries r\u00e9initialisera le SOC \u00e0 un SOC \u00e0 100 % et \u00e9liminera toute d\u00e9rive SOC accumul\u00e9e.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En hiver (novembre \u00e0 f\u00e9vrier), les syst\u00e8mes solaires ne rechargent souvent pas compl\u00e8tement les batteries pendant des semaines, voire des mois, en raison de la r\u00e9duction des heures d\u2019ensoleillement intense. Pendant ces mois, la d\u00e9rive accumul\u00e9e des SOC peut devenir significative !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>La solution : recharger compl\u00e8tement la banque de batteries une fois par semaine \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur ou d\u2019une alimentation r\u00e9seau.<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour recharger compl\u00e8tement une batterie LFP de 51,2 V, il faut recharger les batteries jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que la tension atteigne 56 V, puis continuer \u00e0 charger \u00e0 56 V jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que le courant de charge dans la banque de batteries tombe \u00e0 moins de 5 % de la capacit\u00e9 de la banque de batteries. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exemple : Une banque de batteries de 4 piles de 100 Ah = 400 Ah. 5 % de 400Ah correspond \u00e0 20 amp\u00e8res. Une fois que la tension de la banque de batteries atteint 56V et que cela est maintenu jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que moins de 20 amp\u00e8res entrent dans la banque, vous savez alors que les batteries sont r\u00e9ellement 100 % SOC. Cela est aussi appel\u00e9 courant de d\u00e9rive de charge de 5 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 ce stade, le v\u00e9ritable SOC de la batterie est \u00e0 nouveau \u00e0 100 % et la batterie est physiquement pleine. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le BMS indiquera que la batterie est \u00e0 100 % SOC et cela sera synchronis\u00e9 avec le v\u00e9ritable SOC de la batterie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Note importante :<\/em><\/strong> <em>Une fois que nous savons que la batterie est vraiment pleine \u00e0 100 % et que le SOC indiqu\u00e9 est \u00e0 100 %, nous nous consid\u00e9rons comme solides (un vrai 100 %). Malheureusement, le d\u00e9rive du SOC recommence et continue de s\u2019accumuler jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que la prochaine recharge compl\u00e8te soit r\u00e9alis\u00e9e.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>C\u2019est pourquoi<\/em> <strong><em>il est crucial de configurer les chargeurs<\/em><\/strong> <em>pour atteindre p\u00e9riodiquement la tension d\u2019absorption et le courant de queue. Si vous ne l\u2019atteignez jamais, le SoC affich\u00e9 d\u00e9rivera avec le temps.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>En r\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La pr\u00e9cision du calcul du SoC repose sur un \u00e9quilibre entre la mesure de l\u2019amp\u00e8re-heure, la temp\u00e9rature de d\u00e9rivation et la validation par tensions limites. Bien que la mesure soit efficace au quotidien, seule une synchronisation \u00e0 100 % du SOC calcul\u00e9 par le BMS avec le SOC r\u00e9el des batteries garantit que le SOC calcul\u00e9 par le BMS est en phase avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si, pour une raison quelconque, il est impossible ou non souhait\u00e9 de recharger compl\u00e8tement les batteries chaque semaine, nous vous recommandons de r\u00e9gler votre syst\u00e8me pour utiliser les tensions de batterie (appel\u00e9es op\u00e9rations en boucle ouverte) au lieu des valeurs SOC indiqu\u00e9es par BMS (appel\u00e9es op\u00e9rations en boucle ferm\u00e9e). Puisque les tensions de batterie sont mesur\u00e9es et non calcul\u00e9es, elles ne d\u00e9rivent pas et restent exactes et pr\u00e9visibles m\u00eame si les batteries ne sont pas enti\u00e8rement recharg\u00e9es r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00e9couvrez comment le BMS calcule le niveau de charge d\u2019une batterie LFP, pourquoi le pourcentage affich\u00e9 peut d\u00e9river et comment la synchronisation permet de maintenir une lecture fiable.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8801,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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