{"id":8713,"date":"2025-12-02T10:40:57","date_gmt":"2025-12-02T15:40:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/volthium.com\/?p=8713"},"modified":"2026-01-14T10:51:05","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T15:51:05","slug":"batteries-lithium-comment-lire-correctement-votre-niveau-de-charge-soc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/volthium.com\/fr\/batteries-lithium-comment-lire-correctement-votre-niveau-de-charge-soc\/","title":{"rendered":"Batteries Lithium : Comprendre la logique du SoC"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Contrairement aux batteries au plomb traditionnelles dont l’estimation du niveau de charge peut \u00eatre fait simplement en regardant la tension (voltage), l’estimation de celui des batteries au Lithium (LFP) est plus complexe. Chaque manufacturier de batteries au lithium LFP dispose de sa propre strat\u00e9gie pour d\u00e9terminer le niveau de charge affich\u00e9 en pourcentage (SoC).
L’algorithme visant \u00e0 \u00e9tablir le bon SoC pour une batterie au lithium est donc complexe et d\u00e9pend donc de chaque fabricant, c’est une question de calcul<\/strong> et de d\u00e9rive<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans cet article, nous expliquons comment le BMS de votre batterie au LFP calcule ce pourcentage et pourquoi il est crucial de \u00ab\u00a0synchroniser\u00a0\u00bb vos batteries r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La m\u00e9thode de mesure : Le comptage de Coulombs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pour afficher un pourcentage de charge (SoC – State of Charge), les batteries LFP n’utilisent pas la tension, mais une m\u00e9thode appel\u00e9e le comptage de Coulombs<\/strong> (Amp\u00e8res-heures).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imaginez un compteur d’eau \u00e0 l’entr\u00e9e d’un r\u00e9servoir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Le BMS (Battery Management System) utilise un shunt int\u00e9gr\u00e9<\/strong> ultra-pr\u00e9cis (une r\u00e9sistance de mesure) pour compter chaque amp\u00e8re qui entre (charge) et chaque amp\u00e8re qui sort (d\u00e9charge).
    Chaque batterie poss\u00e8de donc son propre shunt pour comptabiliser l’\u00e9nergie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C’est la m\u00e9thode la plus fiable pour le lithium, car la courbe de tension du lithium est trop plate pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e comme indicateur pr\u00e9cis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Pourquoi le pourcentage devient-il faux ? (Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de d\u00e9rive)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Cependant, aucun capteur n’est parfait.
    Il y a donc deux facteurs principaux qui peuvent fausser le calcul et donc le pourcentage affich\u00e9 avec le temps :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. L’erreur du capteur :<\/strong> Si le capteur de courant a une marge d’erreur, m\u00eame minime (ex: 1 %), et que la batterie effectue des cycles pendant des semaines sans jamais atteindre 100 %, le SoC affich\u00e9 va \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9river<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Le BMS pourrait afficher 50 % alors que la batterie est r\u00e9ellement \u00e0 40 %.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. L’effet \u00ab\u00a0Banc de batteries\u00a0\u00bb :<\/strong> Imaginez cette d\u00e9rive s\u2019il y a trois batteries en parall\u00e8le dans un banc de batteries. Le courant se divise naturellement en trois, ce qui r\u00e9duit l\u2019intensit\u00e9 mesur\u00e9e par chaque unit\u00e9. Cela peut augmenter la marge d\u2019erreur relative de la lecture.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      C’est ce que l’on appelle la d\u00e9rive<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      La solution : La synchronisation (Le \u00ab\u00a0Reset\u00a0\u00bb)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Toute fois il existe un solution technique \u00e0 ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de d\u00e9rive, c’est la synchronisation <\/strong>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Comment r\u00e9ussit-on \u00e0 surmonter ces d\u00e9fis et \u00e0 corrige l’affichage?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      La synchronisation haute (reset \u00e0 100%)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      Lorsque l\u2019on charge un banc de batteries LFP et que la tension de chaque batterie atteint un seuil maximal<\/strong> (disons 55,5 V<\/strong> pour un syst\u00e8me en 48 V), la batterie est physiquement pleine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Alors m\u00eame que le SoC affich\u00e9 par le BMS \u00e9tait de 85 %, ce dernier reconna\u00eet que cette tension interne de 55,5 V est la preuve irr\u00e9futable<\/strong> que la batterie est charg\u00e9e. Il actualisera alors l’affichage du pourcentage, qui passera alors instantan\u00e9ment de 85 % \u00e0 100 %<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n

      Note importante :<\/strong> \u00c0 partir de cet instant, on consid\u00e8re que nous sommes sur une base solide (un vrai 100 %). C’est pourquoi il est crucial de configurer les chargeurs<\/strong> pour atteindre cette tension p\u00e9riodiquement. Si on ne l\u2019atteint jamais, le SoC affich\u00e9 deviendra faux avec le temps.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

      La synchronisation basse (reset \u00e0 0%)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      L\u2019inverse est tout aussi vrai pour une d\u00e9charge compl\u00e8te. Si la tension d\u2019une cellule touche son seuil minimal<\/strong> (ex: 2,50 V<\/strong>), le BMS force imm\u00e9diatement le SoC \u00e0 0 %<\/strong>, peu importe ce que disait le compteur (qui pouvait afficher encore 10 %). \u00c0 partir de l\u00e0, le syst\u00e8me est de nouveau synchronis\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      En r\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      La pr\u00e9cision du calcul SoC repose sur un \u00e9quilibre entre le comptage des amp\u00e8res-heures et la validation par les tensions limites. Bien que le comptage soit efficace au quotidien, seule la synchronisation (atteindre le seuil de tension haut ou bas) garantit un rep\u00e8re absolu.
      Assurez-vous donc que la configuration de vos \u00e9quipements (onduleurs\/r\u00e9gulateurs) permet d’atteindre p\u00e9riodiquement les tensions de synchronisation (ex: 55,5 V en 48 V) pour \u00e9viter que l’affichage ne s’\u00e9loigne de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Contrairement aux batteries au plomb traditionnelles dont l’estimation du niveau de charge peut \u00eatre fait simplement en regardant la tension […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8801,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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